Design Principles
Balance
Balance is the distribution of the visual weight of objects, colors, texture, and space. If the design was a scale these elements should be balanced to make a design feel stable. In symmetrical balance, the elements used on one side of the design are similar to those on the other side; in asymmetrical balance, the sides are different but still look balanced. In radial balance, the elements are arranged around a central point and may be similar.
Emphasis
(dominance/focal point)
Emphasis (dominance/focal point) is the part of the design that catches the viewer’s attention. Usually the artist will make one area stand out by contrasting it with other areas. The area will be different in size, color, texture, shape, etc.
Movement/Direction/Gradation
Movement/Direction/Gradation is the path the viewer’s eye takes through the artwork, often to focal areas. Such movement can be directed along lines edges, shape and color within the
artwork.
artwork.
Harmony
Harmony in painting is the visually satisfying effect of combining similar, related elements. eg.adjacent colours on the colour wheel, similar shapes etc.
Contrast
Contrast is the occurrence of differing elements, such as color, value, size, etc. It creates interest and pulls the attention toward the focal point.
Pattern
Pattern is the repeating of an object or symbol in the artwork.
Repetition
Repetition works with pattern to make the artwork seem active. The repetition of elements of design creates unity within the artwork.
Proportion
Proportion is the feeling of unity created when all parts (sizes, amounts, or number) relate well with each other. When drawing the human figure, proportion can refer to the size of the head compared to the rest of the body.
Rhythm
Rhythm is created when one or more elements of design are used repeatedly to create a feeling of organized movement. Variety is essential to keep rhythm exciting and active, and moving the viewer around the artwork. Rhythm creates a mood like music or dancing.
Variety
Variety is the use of several elements of design to hold the viewer’s attention and to guide the viewer’s eye through the artwork.
Unity
Unity is the feeling of harmony between all parts of the artwork creating a sense of completeness.
